UNIT 6: Vulnerable Populations | Pierce Professional

Annotated Reference List
Unit 6: Vulnerable Populations

Barrera, J. (2017, October 25). Health Canada knew it was failing First Nation Children: Docs | CBC news. CBCnews. Retrieved March 9,

2022, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/health-canada-ruling-children-1.4368393

This news article speaks to how the Government of Canada discriminated against indigenous children through the underfunding of services. It makes specific reference to neglect and denial, in addition to unpreparedness.

CBC/Radio Canada. (2016, August 15). Racism in health care is 'a real thing,' says indigenous physician | CBC News. CBCnews. Retrieved

March 9, 2022, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/alika-lafontaine-bias-racism-health-care-1.3722120

An indigenous Physician’s perspective on the incidences of discrimination and racism in the health care system in Canada. Identifies how at times, acts of racism may appear subtle; however, they have grave consequences as the reinforcement of colonization behaviours and tendencies.

Currie, C. L., Copeland, J. L., Metz, G. A., Chief Moon-Riley, K., & Davies, C. M. (2020). Past-year racial discrimination and allostatic load

among indigenous adults in Canada: The role of cultural continuity. Psychosomatic Medicine, 82(1), 99–107.

https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000754

This journal article provides the results of a study done to examine the association between racial discrimination and allostatic load. The results showed racial discrimination was associated with a linear, dose-response increase in allostatic score, and this increases and associates with early and more pronounced negative effects on health for the indigenous population.

Hynie, M. (2018). The Social Determinants of Refugee Mental Health in the Post-Migration Context: A Critical Review. Canadian Journal of

Psychiatry, 63(5), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743717746666

This journal article describes the impact of post migration on refugee mental health and the contributing impact of the social determinants of health. It utilizes Canadian Specific data.

Jannesari, S., Hatch, S., Prina, M., & Oram, S. (2020). Post-migration Social–Environmental Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems

Among Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 22(5), 1055–1064.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-020-01025-2

A journal article specific to describing the social-environmental factors associated with mental health problems of refugees. There is a lot of emphasis on the systemic challenges and dynamic of the barriers refugees experience in Canada.

Kitching, G. T., Firestone, M., Schei, B., Wolfe, S., Bourgeois, C., O’Campo, P., Rotondi, M., Nisenbaum, R., Maddox, R., & Smylie, J.

(2020). Unmet health needs and discrimination by healthcare providers among an Indigenous population in Toronto, Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 111(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-019-00242-z

This journal article provides evidence linking discrimination in healthcare settings to disparities in healthcare access among urban Indigenous people, reinforcing existing recommendations regarding Indigenous cultural safety training for healthcare providers.

King, R. U., Este, D. C., Yohani, S., Duhaney, P., McFarlane, C., & Liu, J. K. K. (2021). Actions needed to promote health equity and the

mental health of Canada’s Black refugees. Ethnicity and Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2021.1955092

Primarily focusing on Canada’s Black refugees, this journal article examines and provides critique on the federal and provincial actions required to be taken to improve health equity for this population in Canada.

Okeke-ihejirika, P., Yohani, S., Salami, B., & Rzeszutek, N. (2020). Canada ’s Sub-Saharan African migrants : A scoping review. International

Journal of Intercultural Relations, 79(October), 191–210.

This journal article provides a literature review and summary of findings related to the Sub-Saharan African refugee population in Canada.

Phillips‐beck, W., Eni, R., Lavoie, J. G., Kinew, K. A., Achan, G. K., & Katz, A. (2020). Confronting racism within the canadian healthcare

system: Systemic exclusion of first nations from quality and consistent care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228343

This journal article speaks to identifying what is the root cause of racism against indigenous peoples in the healthcare system. What factors perpetuate racism's existence? What are the impacts of racism on indigenous health? What needs to be done to eradicate racism and to create an equitable healthcare system that sufficiently represents the needs, interests and values of indigenous peoples?

Richmond, C. A. M., & Cook, C. (2016). Creating conditions for Canadian aboriginal health equity: The promise of healthy public policy.

Public Health Reviews, 37(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-016-0016-5

A journal article that describes how the persistence and widening, of the health inequality gap between Indigenous and non indigenous people highlights the need to critically evaluate the issues underpinning indigenous health inequity, including the important role of federal policy.

UNHCR. (2022). www.unhcr.ca/in-canada/refugee-statistics/. Refugee Statistics. https://www.unhcr.ca/in-canada/refugee-statistics/

A website specific to the understanding and definition of refugees. Significant amount of statistics are provided for countries in the world, who sponsor refugees.

Western University. (2021, December 6). Geographies of Indigenous Health and Wellness (Connecting Health, the Environment &

Sustainability) [Video]. You Tube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ne35-RxcVLc

A You Tube video explaining the interconnectedness of health, environment and sustainability specific to the indigenous culture.

Wylie, L., & McConkey, S. (2019). Insiders’ Insight: Discrimination against Indigenous Peoples through the Eyes of Health Care Professionals.

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 6(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-018-0495-9

A journal article that identifies three key discrimination subthemes in health care provision towards indigenous persons in Ontario. Stereotyping, stigma, and racism. Suggestions are related to going beyond making health services more welcoming, and encourages addressing the problem as part of a quality improvement strategy.